The cancer genome

Although there are no immediate implications for cancer treatment, I highly recommend this New York Times article on a groundbreaking new study. The scientists essentially created a personal genome for a person with cancer, then compared the DNA in cancer cells with the DNA in healthy cells to lock in on the mutations associated with the disease. The work is fascinating.

Some of the patient’s mutated genes appeared to promote cancer growth. One probably made the cancer drug-resistant by enabling the tumor cells to pump chemotherapy drugs right out of the cell before they could do their work. The other mutated genes seemed to be tumor suppressors, the body’s natural defense against dangerous genetic mistakes.

“Their job is surveillance,” Dr. Wilson said. “If cells start to do something out of control, these genes are there to shut it down. When we find three or four suppressors inactivated, it’s almost like tumor has systematically started to knock out that surveillance mechanism. That makes it tougher to kill. It gets a little freaky. This is unscientific, but we say, gee, it looks like the tumor has a mind of its own, it knows what genes it has to take out to be successful. It’s amazing.”